War Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion Essay -- Politics Sociology

fight Creates Social Division, Not Cohesion In attempts to truthfully learn from our onetime(prenominal) and make progress to wards a peaceful world with compare for all, the egress of war, and the effects of war, is an importance issue. Many people believe that war, although obviously destructive, does use up to companionable viscidness within the particular nation-state at war. The Senate of Canada defines social cohesion as the capacity of citizens living under different social or economic circumstances to live together in harmony, with a gumption of mutual commitment. (Culturelink, par. 2) The idea that war leads to social cohesion is based upon the self-reliance that during a time of crisis, such as a war, people give come together out of the necessity to survive. This belief that the masses unite, neglecting preceding dispositions towards one another while opposing a common enemy, has been moderately prominent throughout history. The Second World state of war, the C old War, and the Gulf War will be used as examples to research the assumption that social cohesion is a result of warfare. I will argue that warfare, argue to popular belief, causes large-scale discrimination, which in turn creates social division, not cohesion. at once an understanding of the discriminatory effects war causes is expressed, the backbone derived from the research is that we mustiness(prenominal) valiantly oppose military action to uphold our freedom and equality for all, rather than trying to fight for freedom.Second World WarThe Japanese bombed the coupled States Hawaiian naval base, Pearl Harbor, on December 7, 1941 and this began what we at a time know as the Second World War. The news swept the sylvan by surprise, from that point forward the nation was shocked into a fashion of social cohesion. After the b... ... military action against another nation-state. Yet, since this is the result that occurs during war, we displace no longitudinal accept war as an option to manufacture discrepancies. When accounting for discrimination and looking at the long-term effects of war on a pluralistic society such as the coupled States, it is impossible to deny that these feelings of hate and fear for a particular flow will not overlap onto that race existing in the United States. Any short-term division with real furry behind it, will not suddenly disappear when the war does. No, prejudices are learned traits. nurture is the acquisition of knowledge, and the presence of incorrect knowledge is ignorance. We can no longer accept ignorance as an outcome from war. Therefore, military build up must be stopped immediately and diplomatic measures must be taken in proliferating arms to stop war from reoccurring.

Job Satisfaction Essay -- Job Mastery, Job Control

This look for was conducted to assess the birth between selected demographics, byplay mastery, and occupancy contentment. A total 6,902 participants were gathered from the ring and Internet provider BellSouth. A significant relationship was found between jump on and job cheer. rent out satisfaction was as well significantly correlated with years worn-out(a) with the company. Significant differences were found between gender and job satisfaction, as fountainhead as level of education and job satisfaction. These findings suggest that as age and years spent with the company increase job satisfaction also increases and job satisfaction may depend upon the level of education of the employee. The affinity between Specific Demographic Variables, Job Mastery, and Job SatisfactionJob satisfaction serves as important factor in improving non only the general happiness of employees, but also enhancing the work performance. For these reasons, psychologists and employers besides nee d studied the factors that may effect overall job satisfaction among employees. For example, previous research has found a negative significant relationship between social stressors and job satisfaction (Harris, Harvey, & Kacmar, 2009). This research signified that as the social stressors of employment decreased the job satisfaction of the employee increased. Although this research was estimable in the implication of increasing job satisfaction of employees, previous research in evaluating other factors effecting job satisfaction has not been as successful. antecedent research evaluating the relationship between specific demographic factors and job satisfaction has been inconclusive (Scott, Swortzel, & Taylor, 2005). However, Harris et al. (2009) ... ... week, so that all employees would have a chance to collar the survey and the data could not be linked to the shift that the employee worked. ResultsFrequencies were preformed on call waiting, caller id, Internet, and multiple l ines. Results indicated that 58.40% of employees did not own multiple telephone lines and 41.60% of employees did own multiple lines. Similar results were found for caller id and call waiting. Frequencies revealed that 48.40% of employees did not own caller ids and 51.6% of employees did own caller ids. Frequencies also indicated that 49.10% of employees did not have call waiting and 50.90% did have call waiting. The most surprise information provided by frequencies was the lack of employees who had Internet. Results indicated that only 26.10% of BellSouth employees had Internet, while 70.00% of employees did not have Internet.

Principles of Providing Admin Services Essay

Complete the table beneath with descriptions of at to the lowest degree two different features of a surround system and how / when they would be utilize. FeatureHow / when vestured 1. Conference calls This defines it possible to speak to more than than one person simultaneously. 2. mob a personal manner Enables one to transfer a caller to another extension. 2. Prep are a brief report advising multitude on How to follow nerveal procedures when making and receiving telephone calls When making phone calls the caller should make certain(predicate) he or she has all the questions they want to ask, its good practice to start out a compile and paper handy to take messages and be ready to beware to the intercourse attentively. When receiving a call answer after a certain routine of rings, say the name of the comp whatever and branch if the organisation has multiple locations, listen carefully to the reason why the caller rang, and its important to grin when talking on the phone as it.The use of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use special(a)(prenominal) information from procedures in your testify organisation (or one that you are old(prenominal) with). A positive image is lively for whatsoever commercial enterprise so opening and closing phone conversations is paramount and knowing how to deal with all(prenominal)(prenominal) caller efficiently. employ the right tone and language as intimately helps to portray a positive image for the channel and for the individual(a) and excessively shows how professional someone is. element 2 assure how to handle ship 1.Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting put up and packages (both incoming and outgoing). entering mail Open mail not private unless corrected to do so Remove contents Date stamp mail when authorized Check and attach enclosures Sort mail according to department instituti onalise is delivered or collected by different departments by designated staff and then(prenominal) put in the recipients in tray Outgoing hinge upon Collect mail from each department Deliver mail to the mail room at an agreed period Sort mail into first, second, special and recorded delivery Weigh letter or packages Calculate impression damages Stamp or frank items at the correct cost Take mail to an appropriate power box or post office It is of paramount immenseness for mail to be sorted the right way deep down any moving in because failure to do so mover Loss of potential traffic Short and capacious term red ink of r reddenue Workers unable to complete tasks leading to unsatisfied customers and photocopyd clock time Irritated suppliers when they chase up payments 2. Complete the table below with the following(a) information At least two examples of internal mail process that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail function that are available to organisationsInternal mail functionsExternal mail services 1. Intranet 1. Royal Mail 2. Secure pouches and bags 2. DHL 3. limn two orders that you drop use to calculate mold charges for mail and / or packages. Taking weight and dimensions of the item. With this method ideally, what is unavoidable is the length, width, height and weight of the package and a price provide be automatically worked out for you and this helps to provide an accurate price for postage. spend of postage rate tables this is apply to set the amount you charge per postage by delivery method and destination.Costs terminate also be specified by international postage, either by region of specialized country. Section 3 Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Computers these provide a wide swerve of functions which ma ke them useful for everyday situations. Once loaded with various software programmes a computer undersurface perform various tasks from raillery processing, spreadsheets, database and even gaming. Printers used to produce copies of documents from the computer files. Photocopiers used to make exact copies of any document from letters or certificates. With photocopying you can make one or multiple copies of the same document. 2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturers instructions when using equipment. This enables the drug user to get most out of the equipment, consider the equipment before use and. Not following the instructions could lead to wellness and safety risks, higher maintenance costs could be incurred by the user if any social function goes wrong with it as warranties and guarantees could be void. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, salutary and ready for the next user. For any organisation tonus is of paramount grandness so clean equipment p roduces better quality products and with deadlines and targets to congruous time and resources exit not be wasted. In some organisations (call centre) large number have to dish out equipment want headsets so its always good practice to make sure it is cleaned after use and ready for the next person to take risk of infection and spreading of germs. Also, if other people dont keep shared equipment or work stations clean this can have negative impact on the championship as targets/deadlines wont be met as this could be de-motivating for other staff members.Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. Too much waste has a financial impact on the business in the long run. Too much currency depart be wasted to elaborate the problem. For instance faulty machines can produce defective products. These defective products can pose to be a risk to the environment if not disposed off cor rectly can get the fined by authorities. And depending on the organisation, money spent of refunds especially on something that can be avoided causes loss of revenue. . localise at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. People in the business due to making mistakes Materials and equipment 3. How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. Using email as a way of communication more within the business. This go away help reduce the amount of paper used. The good thing about this as well is a database can be used to access all archived documents. Energy efficiency is another good way of keeping waste to a minimum.Staff members should get in the habit of shutting down their computers after work and making use of gesticulate operated lights Section 5 Know how to make arrangements for skirmishs 1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of contacts and describing the main features of ea ch type of meeting. Type of meetingMain features Conference meetings This meeting is organised with high homework and structure, moderated by a chair person. The number of participants depends on the purpose of the conference. PresentationThese meetings are held generally to inform the team about any new changes make in processes and procedures.In this meeting there is a presenter or two and in the end, the attendees have the opportunity to ask questions. 2. When arranging a meeting What sources and types of information are typically needed? -Date of the meeting -Start and bar times of the meeting -Venue and docket of the meeting -Attendance list -Minutes from previous meeting -Reports for consideration in the meeting -The desired outcome for the meeting How should meetings be arranged? -Find out about the meeting brief -Confirm venue, catering and equipment requirements -Produce the agenda and meeting papers Invite attendees and send them the agenda -Confirm attendance -Make sur e attendees needs are met -Make amends to correct any needs for requirements like catering -Collate and dispatch papers for the meeting within agreed time scales -Produce spare copies of meeting papers -Arrange the equipment and layout for the room Make sure attendees have a full set of papers -Take accurate notes of the meeting including attendance -Provide information and support when required -Produce a record of the meeting -Seek boon and amend the meeting record as necessary Circulate the meeting record to agreed time scales Section 6 Understand procedures for organising operate and try-on arrangements 1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business give way and accommodation. It ensures that no mistakes have been made during the process Helps clear out any misunderstandings so its important to always check the facts with the relevant people so that everything is done correctly from the onset. It ensures that individuals arrive on time for m eetings or appointments. 2.Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business go and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. make a motion and accommodation arrangementsProcedures TransportBook flights, train tickets on time. If using own transport from drome have a taxi booked as well pine check in flights may be required with international flights modification Book hotel for the appropriate dates Cost of room Meals which ones are included muddle of hotel Money Arrange travellers cheques or foreign currency before the trip Insurance travelTravel information Confirm with the traveller that travel guidebook and documents meet the requirement Maps 3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. This simply shows organisation and efficiency for the business as this information will be easy retrieved when needed over again It ma kes it easy to account for things and the expenditure can compared with and reviewed against a budget This will enable the business to ascertain which areas they need to save money on. Section 7 Understand diary management procedures . Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. kick in at least two reasons. It helps keep a record of business schedules, activities such as meetings and appointments. And in a business environment it is vital in case someone is not well, colleagues can easily take a look at what you had planned for the day and what is a precedency for the working day and sort it all out. For example, a diary helps to -Manage ones time -Note down tasks and tick once completed. 2. Identify the information needed to swear a diary system in the workplace.In the workplace, the following is required -Who the meeting/interview is with -What the meeting is about -When it is -Where its macrocosm held -Why the meeting is being held Sectio n 8 Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment? Internal customers are people or departments in the same organisation as the service provider. For example market department is an internal customer of the IT department because it uses IT services. External customers are people who are not employed by the organisation or organisation that are separate legal entities that purchase services from the service provider. When a service provider charges for services and paid real money or exchange or services or products. 2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Meeting or exceeding customer expectations automatically enhances the business reputation, first time customers will end up being loyal customers, increased sales and more referrals from satisfied customers who bring in additional business by word of mouth.Include at least three reasons in your answer. High quality products at a competitive price Fast, efficient and accurate service Trained staff that can handle their questions without referring them on 3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Positive relationships are good for the business as this will have a good impact on the business and provides more public awareness with other potential customers. Ideally, the business should not promise something that they cant deliver, treating each customer as an individual and where appropriate use customer names.Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. Mutual respect between both parties keeping clear communication channels open 4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? -Customer complaints is a way of customers to offer a very clear insights in what they need and what they expect -To demonstrate their needs an organisation must design a system and procedures to help produce desire d outcomes to meet the above -Asking questions -Body language -Active listening

Competition in Energy Drinks Essay

1. What argon the st rollgically relevant components of the world(a) and U. S. drunkenness effort macro-environment? How do the economic characteristics of the utility(a) boozing segment of the industriousness disaccord from that of some other drinking categories? Explain. Demographics The total sale for beverages in 2009 in the US was about 458. 3 billion gallons and it is one of the largest marts with buck value of 1,581. 7 billion in 2009 and with a forecast of $1,775. 3 billion for 2014. 48.2 portion of attention gross revenue were from carbonated soft make whoopies and 29. 2 percent of bottle water manufacture gross sales. In 2009, The Alternative beverage attention included sports drinks, flavored or enhanced water and vital force drinks made up 4%, 1. 6%, and 1. 2% of assiduity sales respectively. The global groceryplace for secondary beverages in 2009 was $40. 2 billion, while it was $17 billion for choice beverages in US trade. It was $ 12. 7 billion and $9. 1 billion for Asia pacific and European markets respectively.mart harvesting The market result has huge prob satisfactory with the dollar value of the global market for alternate(a) beverages grew at a 9. 8% one-yearly between 2005 and 2009, but was anticipate to s low gear downwardly to 5. 7% annually between 2010 and 2014. US is the coun filtrate which has strongest growth externally in full term of substitute(a) beverage sales with an annual growth rate of 16. 6% between 2005 and 2009 and a forecasted growth rate of 6. 7% between 2010 and 2014. Europe and Asia-Pacific grew at annual rates of 5.3% and 5. 6% between 2005 and 2009 and were expected to grow at a rate of 4. 4% and 5. 1% respectively between 2010 and 2014. However poor economic conditions in the US in 2008 and 2009 led to a 12. 3% decline in sports drink sales and a 12. 5% decline in flavored and vitamin waters sales. It was as well as the reason why energy drinks sales increased hardly 0. 2% between those years. contest between competitors Coca Cola, Pepsico and Redbull atomic number 18 the triple big players that made the industry rivalry become global.However, in that location were hundreds of ticks the like Otsuko which were specialty yet regional stigmas that did not halt a infantry patsy internationally but were doing well in their own terms. deglutition producers had made various attempts at increasing the size of the market for alternative beverages by extending existing proceeds lines and developing altogether new harvestings. societal Forces * world(prenominal) beverage companies such as Coca Cola and PepsiCo had relied on such beverages to sustain in volume growth in be on markets where consumers were reducing their consumption of carbonated soft drinks.* Expanding the market for alternatives beverages and increasing sales and market sh ar, beverage producers as well as were forced to content with criticism from well-nigh that energy drinks, energy sh ots, and relaxation drinks presented health risks for consumers and that some producers strategies promoted reck little behavior, the primary election concern of just about producers of energy drinks, sports drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages was how to best reform their emulous standing(a) in the market place. Driving Forces for this industry * Expanding Market share.* Desire to pass by out to Consumer needs and meet the demand * Personalization of the Market Segments * Branding * Market Size * Maximization of Growth Potential General Economic Conditions * Global growth is project to grow at 3. 5 percent in 2012, then accelerate somewhat to 3. 6 percent from 2013-2014. In 2012 It is expected that emerging economies will be slow in growth by 0. 7 constituent points on average, going from 6. 3 percent growth in 2011 to 5. 6 percent in 2012, partly as a result of slower export growth and partly because several of them arouse been growing higher up trend and the GDP Growth for the world is predicted to be at 3.6. Things look a little slow but are picking up slowly and there is no recession in sight so far. This could really supporter the industries like Food, Beverages, Health heave up ahead like they already are into the market with more(prenominal) percentage of market share and consumer usage based on the increasing come in the trend. Impact of Economic Factors * Demand on beverages and alternative beverages should stay incremental or stable * Branded alternative beverages with national and international presence should do well * Business opportunities should be encouraged with elegant and encouraging interest rates 2.What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to make believe the greatest effect on industry bewitchingness and the potential benefitableness of new entrants? The Beverage industry is highly competitive and the segments that come into run into when it comes to competition are Distribution, Shelf management, Licenses, Brand name and Image, Pricing, Labeling and Packaging, Marketing and Advertising, fictional character and taste, Trade and Consumer promotions and Branding.* argument with non-alcoholic beverages * Competition with Carbonated beverages * Competition with regional beverage producers and private label soft drink suppliers * Competition in alimony of scattering network * Competition on quality and pricing * Competition on Branding, Labeling, Marketing, Packaging and Promotions. Bargaining office of Buyers Strong * Convenience store, market store, and wholesale buyers had considerable leverage in negotiating pricing and slotting fees with alternative beverage producers because of their bulk purchases.* immature entrants with comparatively lower market shares are or so affected with this like how it is mentioned in the case where the shelf space is curb to top stags lik e Coke, PepsiCo and Red bull for that particular market segment. The bigger brands like coke and Pepsi also already have spaces worked out with them for their other products and this makes it easier for the bigger brands to get their newer products in the shelfs too. * Delis and restaurants have low switching appeals to other brands but they have less volumes compared to stores and less space, shelfs etceteraand also will not have the same bargaining power that a store enjoys. * Demand is highly dynamic Bargaining queen of SuppliersWeak * Suppliers for alternative beverages do exist in huge add up and the competition is high * The producers of alternative beverages are important clients of suppliers and buy in large quantities. * Packaging is readily available Threat of Substitutes Medium * legion(predicate) substitutes like tea, bottled water, juices, nutrition water etc. have surfaced but the market is not as big as alternative beverages and this customer option had weakene d the competitive power of substitute beverages.* Many substitutes that can get rid of the thirst of the consumers * Price point of substitutes is less compared to alternative beverages Threat of New entrants Weak * Brand collarers already exist in the industry with competitive prices and well established dispersal system * Convenience stores and Shelves crossways the stores are already in partnership with existing big-wigs * Customer subjection towards branded products is high * Need for large financial resources and funds * lofty Brand equity for already existing and successful brands Threat of Rivalry Strong.* Competition centers among major brands based on brand image, appealing taste, packaging, R&D, Marketing and Distribution capabilities * Attempts by all the brands to increase the trope and types of products in their product line * Low switching costs for the consumers of the industry * Strong marketing campaigns by each brand to gain customer loyalty The Bargainin g power of consumers and rivalry that exists between the competitions in this industry contributes to the attractiveness of the industry.The numbers are promising, the industry is dynamic and increase in demand each year. The factors that affect the potential profitability of the new entrants are the Brand image, Distribution network and harvest line breadth. 3) How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive?* Driving forces of the alternative beverage industry are dependent on the creating/sustaining market demand, dynamics of the growth rate and product design. * Industry leaders established Segments within the alternative beverage industry have unite as markets have matured and leaders have been established. Red damn GmbH and Hansen Natural Corporation extended independent in 2010, Coca-Cola c ontrolled such brands as Powerade sports drink, primer coat vitamin-enhanced beverages, glaceau vitamin water and NOS.In addition, Coca-Cola distributed Hansens behemoth energy drink in parts of the United States, Canada, and six European countries. * Changes in Long term Growth Rate The recession had an impact on sales of sports drinks and flavored or enhanced water and has stalled growth in the market for energy drinks there was also growing market maturity for most categories of alternative beverages. The annual rate of growth for the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages was forecasted to decline from the 9.8 percent annual rate occurring between 2005 and 2009 to an expect annual rate of 5. 7 percent for 2010 through 2014. While dollar value growth rates were expected to decline only reasonably in Europe and Asia-Pacific, the annual rate of growth in the U. S. was projected to decline from 16. 6 percent during 2005 2009 to 6. 7 percent between 2010 and 2014 * Product Innovation The industry is continuing to evolve with introduction of new products that alter rise of new folk of products.The recent introduction of energy shots is an vitrine of how an innovation that has given rise to an altogether new sub-segment in the industry. * The fundament of new product segments, the increasing positive trends in growth rate and increasing market share for each product are a good indication and good drivers of change that increase the attractiveness of the market for an emergent industry. 4) What does your strategic group map of the energy drink, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like?Which strategic groups do you think are in the best commits? The worst positions? The strategic group maps show the industry participants competing with axes of geographical foot print and Brand. The Map shows that Industry giants like Coke and Pepsico are positioned strongest in the industry due to already existing contracts, supp ly chain, distribution network and shelf spaces in retail spaces. * Red hoot is beholding a successful brand in Europe and the U. S.* Hansens Monster is also doing good standing up to the other market giants with distribution partnership with coke giving it the required space and opportunity to shot the market and hence can be considered at a plausive position. * Rock star has also been at a favorable position due to the same reason of distribution network partnership with PepsiCo * Companies with a single brand and regional distribution like Otsuko, Vitamin water etc. appeared to be at an unfavorable place with chances of competition gulping the market share of the small players very soon.5) What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The Key success factors for Alternative Beverage producers are * uniform Product Innovation A participation must be able to identify what a consumer is looking for and also maintain the ability to conform with the changing market trends. They must be able to keep up and not lag behind. * Price Price is always a factors in many cases and in this case consumers with a low brand taste perception will buy a product based on its competitive pricing * Brand Loyalty Consumers are particular about what brand they purchase and they stick to it in most of the cases.This stresses for a superior brand image and quality * Distribution system Probably one of the most important, Effective distribution channels will not only help reduce costs but also helps a company remain competitive. * Size and Scale Successful alternative beverage producers were required to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. 6) What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? To PepsiCo? To Red Bull GmbH? Recommendations to Pepsi.* Pepsico have to launch a major image figing campaign for the most promis ing products it has. * Pepsico also needs to develop its own energy shot brand try to convince Rockstar to add an energy shot to its distribution agreement. * In addition, Pepsi should act for distribution rights to European and Asia-Pacific market with Rockstar or launch its energy drink brands in attractive international markets. * PepsiCo can expand its foot print and focus on other international markets in energy drinks for more international presence and to utilize the demand of a branded and quantity product.* Red Bull is currently the number in the energy drinks category and they should really take advantage of that and come up with more product line extensions and more products so people can identify with that brand and try other products too. They should focus more on product innovation and product line extensions. Recommendations to Coca Cola * Coca boob should improve its product by innovating and building up good image to recapture the market share it lost in energy drinks category. * Coca sens should also try to create more rapid growth in vitamin-enhanced beverages and energy shots product.* Coke should focus on products and Branding efforts to gain market and regain lost market share in energy drinks * It should build up its strong point in term of alternative beverage sales in by pursuing acquisitions and focus on building its strength of sales in Asia and react quickly to solve the problem of wanting(p) competitiveness in the European market for alternative beverages. * Coca cola can use a combination of new flavors and formulations, brands, line extensions, change image building, and distribution capabilities to increase sales of alternative beverages internationally.Recommendations to Red Bull GmbH * Redbull should improve the performance of its recently introduced energy shots and continue to expand into chop-chop growing country markets for energy drinks. * It is necessary for the company to maintain its lead in the U. S. and Euro pean energy drink market with additional product line extensions based upon product innovation. * It should develop sports drinks or vitamin-enhanced beverages that can however exploit the appeal of the Red Bull brand 7. exploitation the entropy in Ex. 11, 12, 13 compare Pepsi, Coke, and Hansen.Who has been the most profitable? Who has better managed their expenses? Which craft has shown the most growth? Which of the three would you give the strongest tier up for their performance? * Using the data from Exhibit 11,12 and 13 for Coke, Pepsi and Hansen, Hansen seems to be the most profitable so far as it became the largest seller of energy drink in the US by leading most of alternative beverage categories. PepsiCos global market share in 2009 was 26. 5 percent, overcome by 11. 5 percent to Coca-Cola.The Coca Cola has better managed their expenses it was the third-largest seller of alternative beverage and in the top five best-selling non-alcoholic beverages worldwide in 2009. si mply they have lot of catching up to do. I would give the strongest grade for performance to Hansen for its market share, range of products, product innovation and distribution strategies. Hansen also managed to have higher revenue growth and higher cash feed in growth. Net Revenue 2007 2008 2009 CAGR Pepsi 39374 43251 43232 3. 17% Coca Cola 28857 31944 30990 3. 40% Hansen 904465 1033780 1143299 4. 50% Net Income 2007 2008 2009 CAGR Pepsi 5674 5166 5979 1. 76% Coca Cola 5981 5807 6824 4. 49% Hansen 149,406 108032 208716 11. 70% in operation(p) profit 2007 2008 2009 CAGR Pepsi 7182 6959 8044 3. 85% Coca Cola 18451 20570 19902 2. 55% Hansen 230986 163591 337309 13. 40% The company growth rate analysis of the three companies in terms of revenue, income and profit show that Hansen has higher percentage of growth rate well above the industry average. Hansen has greater revenues in the industry segment and higher customer demand and financial success.

A Modern Day Liberal Arts Program

If thither is iodine major lesson that we can learn existent in this world, it is the fact of impermanence of all(prenominal)thing. The world is constantly in a flux, forever fluid, as well as the reality that humanity moldinessiness front in his day to day battle to live a decent, comfortable life. Everything is changing. If we would borrow a cliche to describe it, the appropriate whiz is conviction is achanging. And during this metre when a lot of modifys atomic number 18 taking place, t here(predicate) is the importance and essential that the designs in our colleges to keep abreast with these changes.Failure to do so provide only lead to an otherwise failure which is a mar in educating our assimilators to prepargon in that locationfore to face the realities of the removed world. In the slip of paper of generous Arts Programs, the issue stated above is more than appropriate. Lest we for get off, lovable Arts was founded by scholars whose start turn out is t o maximize and develop the intellectual electrical condenser of its assimilators. The word Liberal in latin means libera which means free. The intent of plentiful arts so is to free its student from the bondage of ignorance.This is the moderateness why in the sanctioned course of instruction in whatever slack arts scarper of instruction orbits like language, literature, philosophy and mathematics argon include. The actor for this is to enhance the higher faculty of its students and nurture their ability to be well-verse with the remote world and at the same time of the possibilities of what role they go outing renovate in fellowship. The role of Liberal Arts by nature of instruction in general chthonian a stripeting of a antiauthoritarian system is the fulfillment of every mans intellectual potential for growth and cultivation.Under comporting that the democratic system bestows on man his in force(p)s for equality, liberty and freedom, the explode pla yed by Liberal Arts colleges towards these oddments is to empower the individua leanic to exercise these innate chastens attached to him by the form of this political frame-up. Through the programs offered by Liberal Arts, an individual is march onn the right tools to arrive at the cogency to think and express his ideas that is in final result(p) in his pursuit of personal development and jump on.The result of the process then is that it uplifts the spirit of the person as an individual and simultaneously shapes him to be a productive explodeicipant in the society that he allow be a part of. At the same time the effect of this on the society at considerable is the assistment on the hale disposal to advance in its ability to think. Advancement in the way the society think result bring an outcome where the society can attend resolution to the challenges it faces in the fast changing world.Nevertheless, the question that lingers in the face of an ever-changing world i s Is the curriculum offered by Liberal Arts programs full to keep students prepargond to realize their potential at once they leave the support of campus life? The answer to this is very obvious. though the canonical curriculum that is included in the program gives the student the basic skills in cerebral assay and basic k flatledge to act effectively in society, there is assuage the bring for it to be flexible and open to other cases to make it applicable to the changing world.In todays changing terrain of realities, there are cardinal points that students of this Liberal Arts Program impart have to deal with in order to grow and be equipped with the right tools for them to function and get into in the foreign world. One is communication and the other one is apply science. why communication and engine room. On a cursory look the two seems replete(p) apart. The first one is al proficient about intangible while the latter is cover and definite. One may raze con clude that engine room is far from the aim and mission of any liberal arts curriculum.Yet, on a ambient look the two complement with from each one other. There is a need to master the basics of communication thorough which technology provide be intentiond as the tool to convey it. What then are the benefits of program for the student and to the society at large? One, the vision which the program has set for each student is for him to be an all-around person who can participate in the outside world with right tools to keep at measure with the changing world, especially in this age of Information Revolution.As for the society at large, the benefit it can derive from this program is the actualization of everything that was taught in liberal arts classroom to be practiceed by its student in the outside world. Society can sow the fruits of labor of every student of the program. In a gist, this Liberal Arts Program provide aim on what Knoblauch says about the uses of literacy, tha t it never stands but, that it is always used for something for professional competence in the technological world, for civic responsibility and the preservation of heritage, for personal growth and self-importance fulfillment, for social and political change (220).Communication The main goal as to the stress of the program towards communication is obviously the intent of propagating literacy among little people. If we follow what Hirsch verbalise in his study, the literacy rate in United States is only around 66% (2). It is therefore right to conclude that that there are basically one third of the population of the country who are illiterate. The program then will aim at equipping the students with skills that can make them speak well, import well and understand how to convey and relay their thoughts and ideas to others and to the society they are part of. How can these ends be met with the program?In the program under the light of communication, a curriculum which will inc lude subjects on right computer incubate and musical composition will be designed. These issues can be communicate by the inclusion of speech subjects with the objective of training the students in the right manner of being an effective communicator. Speech. There are already in some Liberal Arts programs that include this subject of speech in their curriculum. In this program the same will be applied exactly with a new philosophy in treating the subject so that the maximum potential of the student can be reached as soon as possible in the campaign of the program.The approach would be the utilization of 95% of the class hours in the honing and speech practices to be inclined to the students. The pattern of doctrine then would be breathing exercises during the start of the class. After this and throughout the presbyopic duration of the semester, the students will be called to present a prepared speech in front of the class, a speech with the duration of five minutes. This w ill happen throughout the cover. Applying this method of teaching how to speak properly in front of an audience will develop at the same time the confidence of the student to fight stage fright.Meanwhile, the final examination for the campaign will be an extemporaneous speech by which each student, gaining already the confidence to stand in front of an audience, will be taught the run through of speaking their minds out in a comprehensible and structured format. The evaluate for this course will be unlike in any other speech subject. Since the usual count on of the instructor in this case is lumping the whole class into one and giving the highest uniformize to the one who stand out among the rest, this will not be the system for this subject.Since the instructor is observing and academic session at the back of the classroom most of the time, he will grade each student according to his come on in the curriculum. Since a semester is long enough for a student to take some(pr enominal) times to stand in front of the class to speak, the basis whether the student passes the subject is whether he has improved in his speaking skills. Writing. It is well known that in every Liberal Arts program there entails an intensive training for create verbally.It is even said that without focus on this aspect of such a program is a sure doom for the whole curriculum altogether. Writing is the most bmful form of communication since it takes a lot of practice and discipline in order to put what one has in mind into indite words. Many have tried to design different approaches on how to address this and how to pluck it as a college experience for students. There are a hundred methods applied to teach penning in school and so far there are only a handful or a small percentage of those who are taught who came out as cheeseparing writer.In this program concerning piece of music, there will only be two types of makeup skills that will be given priority and importance. One is essay writing and the second one is fanciful writing. Essay Writing. As I have said there are many approaches tried on this subject to attain the goal that the students gain the skill of writing well. There are many colleges which tried to start-up the writing development of student by applying the formulation of instructing their students to put their ideas into writing. But in this program, the approach will be different.Part of the programme will be for each student to write different signifiers of essays. These are assignments that will be scheduled for the students to submit to the prof during the course of the semester. This intent is only the tip of the iceberg in teaching the students how to write. First, to let the student feel the words and see how his ideas are transformed into written school texts, part of the daily activity of the students in this subject is the humans of what you called a morn page paper.This paper will be written continuously for half (prenominal) an hour with the instruction to the student to write everything he thinks or sees or smells or anything that comes to his mind during that session. Grammar, systax, punctuation and sentences structure in this activity are not considered. There are no right tenses here or correct English. The point of the exercise is to make the student flex his writing muscles. Another part of the activity that will be included in this course is the creation of a journal by every student.It must(prenominal) be clear to the student that to learn how to write one must practice it as regular as possible. And there is no regular activity that will force to the student to write by retentivity a journal. Creative Writing. As part of the growth of the student a creative writing class will be designed to encourage him to use his creativity in expressing himself. They say the most difficult kind of writing is the creative one. So why then torture these students of the program to undergo a rigo rous writing training that would make their roll bleed?The answer to this question is the simple training process that the mind adjusts to the difficulty of the task and keeps at par with it. The analogy that I will use for this case is the simple game of playing chess against a computer. If the player would start at the most difficult and professional level of the chess game, it is of course expected that the a notice player will lose hundreds of times. Yet, at the same time this failure to beat the computer in a chess game will give the player hints and samples of how to play the game decisively.Sooner or later the player will line up to the playing style of the computer and will experience his first win. utilize to playing with the highest level the computer can offer, the player then will find it easy to play the lower level skill of the computer. apply in the case of writing and considering that creative writing is the most difficult style of writing, if the student learn s to use his language to write a creative piece, it is conclusive to say that any form of writing then will be easy on his part since he has already know the most difficult one.It is like sparring out with a heavyweight then fighting a featherweight will then be easy. This course will take two semesters to complete, during the Fall and Spring semester. Part of the activities here will be on the sport story writing exercises, several sessions of rewriting a previous written assignment. And for the final examination of the students, a short story that runs in 15 pages will be submitted to the professor for evaluation on the draw close of the student. Also, as part of the curriculum, the students will be given reading list for the two semesters.This reading list will be novels of classic and contemporary writers of fiction. The genre for the novels does not matter. It may be a pulp fiction, speculative fiction, modernist novels or any other types. From this list the students will ch oose which they wanted to read for their development in writing a short story. There are three objectives by which this course is chosen and included in the curriculum. First is for the student to learn how to clasp his language, second is for him to express himself creatively and the third is for him to write better.Technology Since one of the changes that are fast shaping the terrain of reality and the human society at large is the advent of the Information Revolution, it is appropriate that the curriculum being offered by Liberal Arts includes courses that will enhance the ability of the students to keep abreast with this renewing in technology. Right now, the role played by knowledge technology has encroached on almost every aspect of everyday lives of the modern man.Since the load objective of any Liberal Arts program is to free the students from the bondage of ignorance and prepare him with the realities of the outside world, inclusion of technology in the curriculum is no t at all unexpected. Instead, it is totally anticipated to be the course of performance of every program. One of the subjects that will fall under this category of technology in the curriculum of this specific Liberal Arts Program is the basic introduction on computer technology. Most colleges have incorporated in their curriculum the use of computer to their students, like how to use word processor, spreadsheets and parachute presentation.But this approach under the light of the fast integration of information technology in the lives of the modern man is already passe if not over-the-hill altogether. Teaching a student how to use the computer right now is like teaching him how to operate his television set. It is already given that young people who are going into colleges are well adept with the use of computer. The role that the Liberal Arts Program will take is to vim the knowledge of the student beyond from what is already known about information technology.The program then will include in its curriculum basic knowledge on computer hardware like repair and troubleshooting. include also in the curriculum is the study of how to use the most touristy software as of the present time. I said present time since this subject in computer software should be flexible to change at any given time to adjust to the fast rate innovations in information technology. Applying the popular Moores Law that the rate of progress of technology is rapid (ebrary Inc, 28) in this equation is appropriate.Computers are expected to perform calculations that doubles every two years, it must be anticipated that what is serviceable now will be passe and outdate in a pas de deux of years. Grading System There have been many debates regarding the best equalisation system that ought to be applied in gauging the intellectual progress of every student. In this program, the grading system that will be followed by the instructors and the professors will sit on the foundation that the bes t gauge of intellectual capacity and development of the student is the progress he shows in the class and in the array of activities designed in the curriculum.It must be understood that the adulthood of learning capacity of each student varies from each other considering students are different in their intellectual levels. The role that instructors and professors in the program then will be demanding and laborious since the process and discernment of what grade should get will be on their total evaluation of the students progress in their subjects. This grading system will be applied principally in the two major concerns of this program communication and technology. This kind of grading system is specifically appropriate to be applied in the speech and writing classes.Since these skills take time to be developed, it will be proper if the grading system is according to the progress that the student is making in the course. Take as an example the subject of writing essays. Though ev erybody in the class is taking the subject for the first time, some may have already an experience in writing that can give them an edge in earning a higher grade. To give each student the chance to get a good grade on the subject, each will be graded according to the development and how fast the student has instilled in himself the craft of writing.Moreover, grading each student according to his progress will put the focus of on imbuing the skill rather than alone acquire a high mark for the course. The payoff of this grading dodge is the fact that the priority of the student is how to improve his skills in the art of writing. When the goal of the course is focused on the improvement of the student in learning the craft rather than merely getting a good grade, the effect or result of this is the continuance of learning experience even if the course is already over.Since the student is oriented towards the goal of improving his skills and not just on the temporary and limited goa l of earning a good mark, the writing experience is expected to continue until the student is already out of the campus. sharp for a fact that writing better and effectively per se cannot be taught in a single or couple of semester, one of the main goal then of the course is for the student to continue putting effort to hone his skills in the endeavor of writing until his older and professional years.Though this proposal somewhat will be applied sparingly in the course of subjects concerning technology. Since the subjects are more concrete and mechanic in nature, the progress alone of the student in the curriculum will not suffice to gauge his effort in trying to learn the course. Conclusion The objective of any Liberal Arts program is to bring to freedom from ignorance each student that will take the course. At the same time, the program is designed with the main(a) goal of giving the student tools with which to face and participate in the outside world of the campus.These tools take the forms of skills like effective speech and deftness in writing craft and knowledge in the new technology bulky in the present age of ours. These skills will help the student be a better player and participant in the society once he is already outside the campus. The good about the program is that it complements the setup in a democratic society where each individual is given his right to pursue equality, liberty and freedom from ignorance. The curriculum that this program will focus on will be communication and technology since these two disciplines also complement each other.Skills in speech and writing will be given the great emphasis while technology through the instruction of how computer works will also be given an importance. The grading system also by which the student will be evaluated will sit on the foundation of looking on the progress of the student rather than meeting the expectation of the instructor or professor. The advantage of this grading scheme is the r e-alignment of priority for the student to look at the curriculum as a means to enhance his skills rather than merely getting high marks.Another point of this is the fact that the skills and discipline that the student may imbue on the whole program will be continued to be practiced even if he is already outside the boundary of the campus. cook Cited ebrary, Inc. Computer Science Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. Washington, DC, subject area Academies Press, 2004 Knoblauch, C. H. Literacy and the Politics of Education. constitution Knowledge. EdRolf Norgaard. Boston, youthful York. Bedford/St. Martin, 2007. pp. (198-209). Hirsch, E. D. Cultural Literacy. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987 Annotated Bibliographyebrary, Inc. Computer Science Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2004 This book basically tackled the progress in information technology. In the paper, there is a need for it to be cited s ince the discussion is the fast pace development in this modern technology. The importance of the idea is to present that the reasoning of the writer in saying that there should be flexibility in the creation of curriculum concerning computer literacy. Knoblauch, C. H. Literacy and the Politics of Education. Composing Knowledge. EdRolf Norgaard.Boston, New York. Bedford/St. Martin, 2007. pp. (198-209). The underlying argument for the reason of the use of what Knoblauch said is to present the fact that literacy has its used in society. Since literacy is one of the objectives of Liberal Arts, it is important to cite his text to show what will be the function of being a literate in society. Hirsch, E. D. Cultural Literacy. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987 The function of the information given by Hirsh in his book is to present the problem that is besetting the American population. There is a need for what the author said

Criminology Theory †Rational Choice Theory Essay

Rational option theory was inspired in the 1700s by a man name Cesare Beccaria, whose utilitarian prospects and ideas were accepted passim Europe and the United States. This theory is also known as quick-scented action theory meaning the framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior. It is the dominant theoretical paradigm in microeconomics. It is also the central to modern political science and is used by scholars in other disciplines such as sociology and philosophy. Rational Choice speculation is used by social scientists to understand human behavior. This theory is the whim that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a lucid plectrum. Beccarias helped to eliminate cruel and unusual penalisation in the nineteenth century, which at the time was very common, and formed the basis for the unmingled theory of crime, a school of thought that influenced the French Revolution and the face of the E ighth Amendment in the United States Constitution.Beccaria believed that people choose to engage in all behavior, distressing and non-criminal, and without the fear and certainty of severe punishment for criminal offenses. People willing continue to choose to commit those crimes. Beccaria believed that all individuals throw free will. People use free will to make cerebral decisions, such as whether or not the personal benefits are cost the bump of violating the law by committing a crime. It is by free will that people are able to follow through with those rational decisions. To Beccaria, punishment should address prevention rather than revenge. He believed that the only way to disapprove criminals from continuing to commit more serious offenses is to ensure that the punishment is good suited for the crime. He believed the punishment should only be severe bounteous to outweigh the personal benefits gained from committing the crime. A British philosopher named Jeremy Bentham elaborated on Beccarias views and proposed the idea that people choose their actions by whether or not they put up happiness and avoided unpleasant conditions.With this theory laws were created to keep the community happy and punishment is only justified if it is used as a method of prevention. The popularity of the spotless theory peaked in the 1800s but began to decline and was eventually ignored altogether by the majority of criminologists by the end of the twentieth century. During the mid-1970s, as positivist approaches towards the rehabilitation of known criminals began to prove ineffective, the popularity of the classical approach improved. Criminologists began to impersonate criminals to the public as rational planners who deserve to be punished. This modernized view of the classical school of criminology is now known as the rational choice theory and is used to explain why criminals commit crimes. According to the rational choice theory, criminals are people who shar e the same goals and ambitions as run-of-the-mill citizens, but choose to obtain those goals by illegitimate means.The rational choice theory is based on the assumption that before choosing to commit a crime, the criminal considers personal factors or motivation for the crime, such as their agile need for benefits, revenge, or excitement, and also situational factors, such as the severity of the consequences and the risk of apprehension. The rationality described by rational choice theory is distinct from the colloquial and philosophical uses of rationality. Rationality means in colloquial oral communication sane or in a thoughtful clear headed manner. crook activity theory is a sub-field of rational choice criminology, which was developed by Marcus Felson. Routine activity theory says that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities available. For ideal after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, meaning poverty, inequality and unemployment became a worry this gave people a reason to commit crimes.

CQ- Self Assessment

Interestingly, regardless to what heathenish ethnic one may claim, or what their particular values be one thing that Is a communal factor to all Is that before we can understand someone else, we must first seek our own understanding. Human worlds be more than a product of their circumstances or geographic location. Their innermost beliefs and values lastly influence how they act (Reilly, 2013).An additional definition of cultural intelligence cited in this weeks lecture, puts a fine tune on the subject as early on &038 Moisakos) describes Its simply blending in with the mall stream of population, this explanation Is adept as It covers a lot of ground In Just a few short words (2004). Figuratively, a part of ones destination on earth is to face the challenges that father been set forth. Seemly, these challenges fall under the family unit of cultural intelligence as one fulfills his/her Journey of learning to sleep together with the world on variant levels in general.Howe ver, when we speak on humanity existences, we be speaking generally on society and cultural because they strike hand in hand. If here was no society, there would be no husbandry. Culture can easily be described as the disparate activities, beliefs, and behaviors, of Like Individuals. Each culture has their own set of values, morals, and organizational goals. there is such thing as puff up cultured individuals (sometimes referred to as upper-class) that may go an extra mile to gain association on the diverse diverse aspects of life. This grapheme holds the opportunity to go that extra mile in fulfilling their educational and Christian goals.They enjoy the finer things In life, and have no problem with doing hat Is necessary to malting that goal. Then there Is another(prenominal) type that settles for average they may have been talking almost fulfilling the goals of a well cultured individual for the last twenty years, but has yet to take a step toward doing so. Lastly, t here is a group of individuals who are alone content with living in poverty and hanging around the topical anesthetic food banks everyday seeing what that can get for free. These three categories are examples of what shake up a society in any devoted societal The way that Livermore explains culture is so very Interesting because aspect.In the textbook he sheds light on Issues that at some point In an Individuals life these things were taken for granted, probably because one had no idea that these things had a title. In supporting this last sentence the author is making commendation to how Livermore describes culture as an elusive, dynamic concept that shapes everything we do, things such as eating, sleeping, and cleanse as an abstract of how we read the Scriptures, relate to God and communicate truth, are all rooted In our cultural context (2009 p. 90).As Livermore speaks on these concepts, It brings to principal how e have all become accustomed to, as a way of life. Our own life pattern has a lot to do with how ones culture is created. Attaining as very much knowledge as possible is continuously a plus because it assists in developing cultural intelligence. Speaking on the development of cultural intelligence Reilly, offers important factors of gaining knowledge gather facts about different people, places, political and economic systems, their traditions, diet and fashions, this can be through with(p) formally or informally, by using social networks or from first-hand encounter (2013).Additionally, once knowledge is gained it can be used toward building sensory faculty and respect for others culturally. Respecting other cultures is a must. Some may think that because another individual may wear different types of clothing, or eat different types of food, or talk a little different than themselves, that its k to make fun or disrespect them. As we are all culturally different to some degree we must not Judge or be bitter towards anyone but instead show love, respect and kindness.As much knowledge as one may have on culture it doesnt rut to periodically do a self-assessment. Self-assessments are designed to kick upstairs our understanding of cultural intelligence (2009). It could probably be looked upon like fetching your car in for an oil change, enhancing the durability of your car, making sure everything is hurry smoothly. Taking a self-assessment test gives one the opportunity to enhance themselves in all phases of cultural diversity. After completing the given self-assessment I was truly surprise.Apparently I do not give myself enough credit. According to the adaptation of the score in neural, I fell under the guidelines of having an average ICQ in my ability to work in a diverse cultural setting. My knowledge of cultural strategic thinking surprises me as it showed excellent. This is the area that I would have thought to be average. Perseverance showed that I am excellent in cultural motivation, and the interpretati on of my score for behavioral ICQ fell under the guidelines of being moderate, this one I dont agree with at all.After my very first cultural experience, I honestly feel that I learned a animation worth of knowledge in regards to my behavior. Livermore, notes that many individuals under-or overestimate themselves therefore, a five-sided assessment has much greater validity (2013). For my ministry my behavior needs to be excellent. everyplace the abutting 12 months I impart work earnestly at improving my two average scores. Miraculously, the two average scores being behavior and my ability to work in an average setting are the two that are of most importance to me simply because of my Spiritual career to advocate with teens all over the world.I have absolutely no manner for average in these areas, these hillier need help and the Holy Spirit has chosen me as one of His disciples in this particular ministry. My plan is to seek advertize testing, consulting and training in the needed areas. Instead of being a offer up advocate for Boy Scouts of America twice a month, I will put in my bid to volunteer three times a month. This will give me hands on chance to work on my behavioral and cultural diversity setting skills. I will exit more time with my students in my youth ministry outreach program. Fasting more and petitioner will be an additional item on my to-do-list.Instead of staying n my quieten place in prayer for an hour every day for the next 12 months I plan to add and additional thirty minutes. creation around people in general should also help with more activities at the local youth centers as well as at church. In conclusion, the ICQ self-assessment test has been completed review and the finding have been reported. some(prenominal) explanations or definitions of cultural intelligence from different scholars have been discussed and evaluated. Last, a 12 month plan to improve my overall ICQ has been added including a full banter on my honest intentions.

Mordernism

Modernism During the 20th century a colloquys revolution that introduced motion pictures, radio, and television brought the initiation into viewand at last into the living room. The new forms of communication competed with books as sources of amusement and enlightenment. New forms of communication and new modes of transportation made American society progressively erratic and familiar with many more regions of the country. Literary voices from even the remotest corners could reach a national audience.At the same time, American writersparticularly writers of fictionbegan to influence world lit. The 20th century saw the emergence of modernism. Modernism responded to the worlds complexity by asserting that the individual had the potential to achieve a broader perspective than that offered by any one society or its history. Although realism, naturalism, and regionalism were still viable modes of grammatical construction, they gleamed the change magnitudely complex reality of 20th - century society. Immigration and industrialization led to increasing urbanization, nd, in turn, to class stratification.Theme Some writers examined the sometimes complex psychology of Americas elite, otherwise writers turned to the psychological and physical reality of the laboring classes, whose ranks continued to swell up with high rates of immigration in the late 19th and earliest 20th centuries. Several American authors who are sometimes known as social realists looked at working conditions, often for the purpose of social reform. A period of disillusion and cynicism that followed World War I (1914-1918) found expression in he writings of a group of Americans living in Paris who became known as the Lost Generation.They shared a virulence about the war, a sense of rootlessness, and dissatisfaction with American society. They portrayed the emotional exhaustion of this generation and their seemingly vain search for meaning and value in life. Some other writers focus on the o verwhelming forces of nature and on issues of class. Gender issues remain major topics in 21st century American literature, and more gay and lesbian authors are publishing their work and bring their community and oncerns into focus. Characteristics 1.Diversity The reading audience of the unite States changed as social and economic realities changed. Immigrant populations added great variety to 20th-century American fiction. American literature at the is exceptionally diverse, with rapidly growing multicultural influences. New voices continue to emerge at bottom the Native American, African American, Asian American, and Hispanic American communities. After the sixties it became increasingly difficult even to define a mainstream. Jewish-American iterature among the first to constitution their drives.African American literature focuses on slavery and its legacies while also go hope, particularly in the strength of bonds among women. Native American literature reassesses the exp erience of their cultures. Hispanic American literature. Asian American authors brought strong voices to American literature after the 1960s. those who bridge two cultures. Modernity and Americanization are typically the ground of youth, while traditional culture and history remain the dying res publica of their elders.While creating unique worlds for various distinct communities, Americas diverse literary voices continue to reflect the unique characteristics of its land, people, and culture. 2. Regionalism The vastness of the United States and the great diversity of its people crap always been reflected in its literature. This was especially true in the 20th century, which witnessed the inflorescence of strong regional traditions in the West and the South. The South was also fat in women writers during the 20th century. 3. Bilingualism.Many American authors incorporate a lot of their set out tongue language into their writing. This reflects both the alienation and the strong cultural individuality that comes from being a nonnative English speaker in the United States. 4. style Writing is noted for innovations in narrative style, such as simplification and fragmentation of plot and the use of unconventional syntax and punctuation. Representatives henry James Theodore Dreiser Sinclair Lewis Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner,

Hamlets Character is contradictory&quot Essay

Shakespeare gives Hamlet a very undecided character in this cinch. This in turn leads to Hamlet becoming contradictive, more(prenominal) than and more so throughout the play. His main problem is that he is more of a thinker than a doer. This causes him many problems throughout the altogether play. The first example we get of this comes in Hamlets first soliloquy. Here we scram out what Hamlet truly feels about the situation he recovers himself in after his fathers death.After initi totallyy seeming to be willing to go along with Claudiuss and his mothers marriage here we predominate out how he truly feels. He expresses his disgust at the precipitation from which his Mother has married to Claudius so soon after his fathers death. He similarly expresses how devastated he is at the death of his father and Claudius taking the crown, which Hamlet believes should in truth be his. Hamlet once again shows this when he goes with his Fathers ghost.He comes abide from this encounter determined to take revenge on Claudius but and then passes up many chances to do so in order to earn sure that the ghost is telling the truth. Hamlet continues this throughout the play and ironically this leads to him doing exactly the opposite of what the ghost wants by hurting his Mother and not taking revenge on Claudius when he has many chances to. Another show of Hamlets contradiction appears in his first soliloquy when he is very imprecate towards womenFrailty, thy name is woman This contradicts with his apparent infatuation with his mother, and especially with her sexual behaviour. Hamlets distant character is in any case reflected in the many mood swings he has during the play. He constantly changes his mood one minute appearing relatively happy, the nigh he is at his sadistic worse cruelly teasing others with his wordplay. The flog of this comes when he is talking to Ophelia in Act 3 Scene 1, where about everything he says to her has a sexual double meaning.Here Hamlet has completed that he is being spied on and intend to have some pleasure at Ophelias expense as he feels that she has been used as a spy whereas in reality she knows nothing of the situation. Hamlets character so furthermost can not just be described as contradictory, it id far likewise complex for that. Hamlet could also be described as erudite, ingenious and quick-minded for the way he took advantage of the players arriving and setting up the play Murder of Gonzago in order to test the Kings guilty conscience and find out if he really did kills Old Hamlet.Hamlet is also regarded as pessimistic, over dramatic, angry, desperate and frustrated for his outlook on life and sympathetic nature and the way he feels about being denied the chance to make king after his fathers death. Many people also feel that Hamlet is obsessive this is shown with his fixation with his mothers sex activity and is once again brought into light by Ophelia revealing all of the make love lette rs that Hamlet has sent to her in the past. All in all I believe that whilst contradiction is one of Hamlets main characteristics, his character is too broad for it to be described as any one thing.

Skull Beneath the Skin

The avowed aim of the crime fictionalisation writing style is a collect for justice for the victims of crime. This is driven by our cares and desires. It is the incorrupt right of the detective to solve the crime, and see that moral stage is restored. As macrocosm we soak up an innate adept that justice must be served the quest of the detective hold ups ours as well. Murder, being the ultimate crime reflects our fear of stopping point and our desire to see moral retribution. It is part of the mankind condition to insure the world around us and from this desire stems an existential anxiety and a fear of the arbitrary and inexplicable cruelty of fate.Life is fraught with moral ambiguities. Appropriately the style the skull on a lower floor the skin refers to the fact that remainder is eer p dislike lurking beneath the surface just as a skull hides beneath the face. P. D mob challenges the traditional conventions of the crime fiction genre. She clearly incorporates a combination of intuitionist, realist and hard-boiled styles of Crime fiction and yet explicitly draws fear to these by intertextually referencing other crime works such as Marlowe, Webster and Shakespeare.In her novel James transforms the simplicities and crudities of the old- fashioned detective story, which usually go on the plot of ground as an intellectual puzzle of whodunit, into a innovative detective story concerned with psychological truth and the moral ambiguities of human action. The unblemished detective story rests on the fundamental idea that the good leave triumph and the bad give be punished, leaving the lector with a reassurance that justice ordain be served. However, Jamess subverted approach to the genre demonstrates realism as depicted by the moral ambiguities and the carnal knowledge nature of truth.The novels unsatisfactory approach to reality is effectively utilized in her plot, which mirrors a cynical modern awareness that life is non needfully ju st or fair. For example, we are morally ambiguous about Simons remove of Clarissa, we see it as provoked and justified and we sympathise with him. James offers us an enigmatic ending rather than any restoration of justice or social order- it is unclear to the reader whether or not Cordelia will be able to prove Ambroses is guilt or whether he will be brought to justice. Her readers recognize that in reality there is no stable, undertake or protective refuge against evil or murder condescension the fact that PD James sought to elevate crime fiction into literature, she does conform to the conventions of attributing motivatings to a number of suspects. This tangle of motivations creates an ambiance of suspense and capture for the reader, allowing her to delve into the psychological truth of her characters. This complexness of plot and character is tenacious with Jamess view of the detective genre. This technique engages the audience change them to identify with the detectives q uest to find those responsible for the murder so that order can be restored.James goes to a lot of trouble to score the possible motives for Clarissas murder. Clarissa is detested be everyone, due to her egotism, faithlessness and manipulative personality. This alienates everyone involved with her, giving each person a strong motive for menacing her with notes containing demolition quotes and later for murdering her. Tolly, her devoted assistant has reason to resent Clarissa. Clarissa denies Tolly the right to see her dying daughter, as it would interfere with her performance of Macbeth.Ironically, Clarissa was playing Lady Macbeth, but she herself was possessed of evil. Courcy Island is an artifical environment of the egotistical dream of Ambrose Gorringe. It is a world of Victoriana with Macabre memorabilia, such as the marble arm of the princess, which even repels the antique dealer when handling it because it reminds me of death. This setting is a microcosm of British high s ociety, with its servility rituals such as fancy dinner parties and immutable maid service. These rituals act as a facade and a dissemble for feelings, motives and human flaws.The society at Courcy contrasts vividly with the simplicity and morality of Cordelia, who is happiest location lost cats in her detective agency, Animals didnt torment themselves with the fear of death they didnt burden you with their psychological problems.. they didnt surround themselves with possessions. Conversely Jamess novel is very concerned with all three of these human flaws. In traditional detective fiction, the setting is an essential part of story. It is not wholly a backdrop for the action but also creates atmosphere and helps provide clues that are necessary in the investigating.Typical of the Intuitionists text, Courcy Island is a untarnished closed setting physically and socially cut off from the away(p) world, which can only be accessed by boat. In this respect the investigation is lim ited to a certain location and group of people, creating an atmosphere of fear and suspense, intensifying the sense of immanent threat- Here on the southern shoring where the mainland couldnt be seen, it was easy to imagine that the island was totally lost at sea.. . Crime fiction is often set in a contradictory world, which appears dangerous and threatening.In the novel, this danger is alluded to by the awareness of the characters of its violent and bloodstained history including its chambers of horrors and its morbid past of murders, plagues and tortures, They saw the skulls at once. sensation whole wall was patterned with them, a grinning parade of death. As Cordelia begins her investigation she learns many dark secrets and we as an audience pretend that the occupants of Courcy Island may go to extreme and violent measures to protect these secrets. Not only does this indicate danger in the past, it alludes to danger in the present.These factors of setting link with the refe rences to the fear of death, which permeate the novel, give it a macabre atmosphere. In the modern world we are continually faced with images of death in our casual lives. We feel our powerlessness in the face of death, and this fear haunts human existence. thereof the reader finds comfort in seeing murderers brought to justice. Ironically, when Gorringe is finally exposed as the murderer, we have no such assurance from James that justice will prevail. Clarissas fear of death verges on the paranoid, giving us the title of the novel. She tells Cordelia, I always see the skull beneath the skin.This fear is exacerbated by the death notes she receives with their well-known quotations focusing on fears, judgments and the inevitability with death. On spite of death let no man name death to me (Brachianos words from The White Devil). These references become ominous motifs and help build the grim atmosphere. They are ultimately the reason Cordelia is called upon to watch over her-Corde lia felt their pixilated and nostalgic power. James makes even the physical environment of the Island become part of a deathly ambience Outside the accumulated soup up like a sweaty fumed soaked blanket.. utting of air. Finally, Cordelia fails in her charge task to prevent the murder of Clarissa and is indeed threatened herself with death. This realism is common of Jamess non-idealized approach to detective fiction genre. Cordelia is not a super sleuth who triumphs in the punishment of the culprit. She is meticulous and thorough in her procedure of the investigation. However, she is exhausted by the psychological complexities and lacks the consolation of knowing that the perpetrator will be punished.She welcomes the new cases of lost cats. This is almost a sense of anti-climax in the context of detective fiction. Her incursion into the world of psychological complexity has confronted her with the fear of death and the quest for justice. However she is happy to suspend herself from this link with death and to resume a humble existence. Much of our lives consists in appreciating the mundane. Therefore, we to have to suspend the fear of mortality, as well as the desire to ensure the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.

Pfizer-Pharmacia Merger

trouble statement Pfizer, Inc. announced the acquisition of the confederation Pharmacia, Corp. In the months leading up to the coming together of the deuce companies, on that point were resultant roles with the employees of Pharmacia. The announcement of 2. 5 zillion in salute nest egg as a result of the unify of the devil companies, had staff confused because it would be in form of labor costs, which would potentially cause disclosure of local operations. round was concerned about their financial futures, loosing their income would non just act their personal lives, and families plainly the community in general.A trickle passel effect, would effect businesses that provide products, and work to the consumers, as puff up as the taxation bases of local communities (Stamper, 2). The issue of having to potentially desire a financial bailout, and also executable bankruptcy of the city if Pfizer were to close mountain the operations of Pharmacia was a larger issue as well. The hollow out mission of typical pharmaceutical keep partnership is drug discovery, clinical posement, manufacturing, and sales and marketing. Before the merge of the company, the core mission of the company was met.Now the issue is, out-of-pocket to the unite of the companies, there was a detriment of discovery, clinical development, and sales marketing. Why did the chores chance? The problem of staff being worried about their financial future, and the future of the company mainly aroused because of the 2. 5 billion dollar in total cost savings that would be implemented as a result of merging the 2 companies. Emotions were a major plan that was passing play the staff at Pharmacia, everyone was in a certain state of readiness at ages, due to the uncertainty of jobs, and the uneasiness with staff members caused mainly from the distributed memorandum.Misunderstanding of the memo, giving the impression that Pfizier was freeing to pull out of downtown Kalamazoo, was a misunderstanding. This caused uncertainty avoidance inside the company, people felt threatened by ambiguity and uncertainty. It also caused var. the well being of staff members was at s possess. The problem of staff being overwhelmed by the memo was due to the fact that Pfizer did not take the time to properly explain the importee of the cost savings, from the very beginning.Loosing core natural missions for the company due to the merger occurred because the police squad at Kalamazoo was passing effective the lour of efficiency within the vernally incorporate company could engender been caused by the new collectivism of the company. With the merging, people got swapped around the concept of job rotation, and moving employees could be seen as a bad occasion in this situation, because the Pharmacia had a very successful company to begin with, now with the merging it caused the company to endure to work with little resources than prior to the merge. AlternativesIn as sessing the case, the main problems with the merging of the company were communication. The lack of communication with the two companies, and the staff created a lot of problems, not only with staff but with government. If there was more communication within the companies from the beginning, it would guard saved a lot of emotion, and stress due to the potential job issue and financial problems trickling to the whole community. To fix this initial problem, CEO of Pfizer Hank Mckinnell could have re-assessed the memo going out, and maybe spent more time thinking about the staff of the company, and how it would affect them when writing it.Within the newly devolved company, they could adapt high-performance-work-practices that could religious service the company get to where it was before the merge. group the knowledge and skills and abilities that all the employees have, and trying to make them so the company can be successful. Conclusion The Internal Subsystems could have been aimed at more in depth, looking at how the company worked as a whole, preferably of automatically making changes to the system. In lodge to have a successful company, you pauperism to be able to have not only efficient, but adaptive and innovative.There could have been organisational efficiency, so when merging the two companies, it was helping the company grow and develop instead of putting it behind on its mission statements. Before the merging of the company, they should have taken a better look at the Internal Systems, and how well the company was operating internally. If this was done, they could have maybe open alternative ways for savings, and realized that the organizational efficiency of the company to begin with, was extremely strong.

My Last Duches by Robert Browning

Among the piecey a(prenominal) poems that are arrange in Booth, hunting watch and Mayes The Norton Introduction to Literature, it is without controversy that Elizabeth Barrett Brownings How I sock Thee makes 1 of the just most interesting reads to many. It is against this screen background that the poem has been chosen for analysis and reflection. Personal Reaction to the meter The poem How Do I hit the sack Thee by is by far one of the richest poems in terms of both the informal qualities of the poem such as the content and external qualities such as rhetorical devices are considered.For instance, as far as extrinsic or aesthetic greatness of the poem is concerned, the use of rhymes is heavily extant, non only for the aesthetic purposes, but to overly help bolster the theme. Some of the rhymes found in words such as Height and Sight, Grace and Days, Candlelight and Right, approbation and Faith, Use, Lose and Choose, Depth and Breadth, Needy and Purely, remnant a nd Breath (Booth, 125). That the rhymes are used to elucidate on the simile that the author uses to issue on the manner of her feelings to her extol soundless underscores the theme and extent of jazz in the poem.Some of the subordinate clauses that are colored by these similes are as men hit for right and as they turn from praise. Personal Explication of the poetry The gravity of the poem in this case, is not hinged upon the heaviness of the theme or offspring in itself, but the manner in which artistic and linguistic devices are attach to bring out the beauty and weightiness of the topic or theme world discussed. Particularly, it is through the use of language aesthetically that Browning expresses what tell apart is.For instance, readers get the picture show that hunch over should remain continuous, at the mentioning of a love that remains extant throughout the authors emotional state breath in the 12th stanza. That love should be ground on empty will in lieu of c ompulsion is also underscored in the 7th stanza as the author mentions her love as being premised on free will as men pass on for that which is right. Among a host of other virtues, love is expressed as being support up by responsible actions by the referring of Love with a passion being to use in the 9th stanza (Browning, 75).Personal Feelings Evoked By the verse The feelings evoke feelings of genuine love that love that commits itself to and through responsible action, as opposed to fickle feelings stanza 9. This love is expressed as being free stanza 7, pure stanza 8, and constant through the vagaries of life and present at the point of death stanzas 11-14. What the Poem Says rough Life and the Human Condition It is against the backdrop of the above feelings and standpoints adduced by the poem that matters regarding life and human condition come to the fore.Particularly, it is this love that is needed in marriage with the laid-back spates of divorce the world over attesting about its absence. The importance of this love transcends the marriage spectrum to dawn all facets of life and human existence. It is this merciful of love that, upon existing, would see man disposed(p) to philanthropy to better fellow mans welfare instead of expression nuclear arsenals and indulging in the snares of avarice, self-indulgence and prejudice. Works Cited Booth, Alison. The Norton Introduction to Literature. WW Norton & Co. Inc. , 2004. Browning, B. Elizabeth. The enquire Minstrels How Do I Love Thee? refreshful York SAGE, 2005.