Honor Killing in Islam

Introduction Honor killing is a general practice among Muslim community against girls, young women or adult women. The families perform honor killing because a certain female member has dishonored them. Initially, parents use death threats to control their daughters. Families perform honor killings using various barbaric and ferocity means.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Honor Killing in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It may involve the use of burning, raping, stoning, beating to death, slitting throat, decapitating and suffocation, among others. Community and extended family members set and maintain honor killings. The community does not condemn the perpetrators. Instead, they see it as normative religious process. If the girl escapes, the family searches her in order to perform honor killing. Opposing religious views on honor killing Melissa Robinson argues that nowhere in Islam are honor killings encouraged or condoned. Rather, the Koran states that the family is suppose to honor women and girls and never abused, hurt, or murdered them (Friedman, 2010). However, Robinson acknowledges that honor killings are problems in Muslim societies, but she points out that there are many cultures and religions that experience domestic violence and murder. She explains that people make misogynistic statements, not just by Muslim religious leaders, but also by Christian preachers, philosophers, revolutionaries, existentialists, historians, scientists, poets, and others. She concludes that honor killings are not inherently an Islamic problem. However, when they occur in Muslim families, they should be condemned by Muslims everywhere as being un-Islamic. On the other hand, Robert Spencer notes that families use Islam to justify honor killings. He argues that although Koran does not encourage the killing of women based on such offenses, the prevalence of honor killings is too often in Muslim societies and families to the extent that they can no longer be cases of domestic violence. Spencer draws from the history of Islamic countries where societies use religion to justify violence against women. Spencer says that it is impossible to assume that Islam has nothing to do with honor killings when majority of such killings happen in Islamic context. Spencer notes that there are circumstances where people link honor killings to Islamic practices. He further observes that there are cases where Islamic culture inculcates attitudes that can lead to honor killing (Friedman, 2010). Robinson and Spencer encourage Muslim leaders to condemn honor killings among Muslim societies if they believe that Islamic faith has nothing to do with honor killings.Advertising Looking for assessment on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socio-economic views on honor killings One of the factors that determine whether a question of honor leads to an honor killing is the relationship between Muslims and their community members. For instance, Turks experience social difficulties when community excludes them from other members. Therefore, a family whose honor is at stake will experiences pressure from the community to perform honor killings. The extent of public knowledge will determine if honor killing occurs or not. Therefore, if many people know about the dishonor then the family is likely to engage in honor killing. Turks are likely to carry out honor killings when confronted directly with the loss of their honor. A family can ignore the loss of its honor till openly confronted with it, at which point it cannot ignore it any longer (Eck, 2003). Public accusation increases the likelihood of honor killings, rather than to a point to which loss of honor is a common knowledge. This is because public accusation leads to punishment. The party responsible for loss of honor may be publicly accused by the injured p arty if he or she cannot take responsibility. In this case, personal motives might influence honor killing. Loss of honor among Muslim societies may provoke public ridicule or gossip. Families try to restore honor by carrying out honor killings. Therefore, loss of honor no longer subjects them to isolation and ridicule. Honor killing serves the purpose of restoring peace, respect and purifying the family name (Eck, 2003). Loss of honor in a family that results into job loss and fear of unemployment is likely to results into honor killings. Loss of honor can be disastrous for families who possess their businesses. Once the society has isolated a family, customers will withdraw resulting to collapse of business ventures. Therefore, the communities condemn the family to a life of suffering. Studies show that social ambition is among the considerations controlling a decision to engage in honor killings. However, this may be influenced by traditional values. A family may attempt to regai n its lost glory and respect by means of honor killing within their own class, where members of the class view such killings positively. However, it is significant to note that honor killing does not improve one’s social mobility within the class system (Wenona Hyndman, 2004). There are instances where honor killing does not serve the purpose of restoring and purifying the family. The motives of such honor killings range from incitements to kill certain people, improve a girl’s chances of getting marriage, taking children away from stepfather, to crimes of passion.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Honor Killing in Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At present, some other factors such as availability of weapons like firearms create an enabling environment for honor killings. Some case may be related to use and abuse of drugs and alcohol. Critics argue whether there is a difference between h onor killings and domestic violence involving killings. References Eck, C. (2003). Purified by Blood: Honour Killings Amongst Turks in the Netherlands. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Friedman, L. S. (2010). Women’s Rights: Introducing Issues with opposing views. New York: Greenhaven Press. Wenona, G. Hyndman, J. (2004). Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones. California: University of California Press. This assessment on Honor Killing in Islam was written and submitted by user Willa Watkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gluckel essays

Gluckel essays The person as a whole, mind and body, is a complex and unique organism which can be easily influenced by society. Since people are so easily susceptible to be influenced by others, each person must rely on their own beliefs in order to make judgments for daily life that are morally and ethically pleasing. Gluckel of Hamelns religious and spiritual beliefs shaped her mind, body, and spirit. Gluckel lived in a time incomprehensible to today; an age where personal emotions were discounted. However, Gluckels devotions to God enabled her to live life fulfilled despite terrible tragedy. Marriage was precious to Gluckel and was more than just an economic union that is often connected with marriages of her time. Gluckels husband was an interpersonal companion for her and his loss was crushing to Gluckels soul. But who is now my comforter? To whom shall I pour out my soul? Whither shall I turn? All his life my beloved companion hearkened to my troubles, and they were many, and comfort ed me so that somehow they would quickly vanish. (150) Gluckels husband deeply esteemed his wife as well. Even at deaths door he thought of nothing but to spare me pain. (150) There was clearly love in this marriage even if love had yet to be defined for society. As much as Gluckel had a marriage of love, she recognized love by itself will not bring happiness. She understood relationships have their problems and if those we love do not always meet our expectations, it doesn't mean that we have lost our chance for happiness. We, my children, have no friend on whom we may depend, save God, who will ever stand by you and aid you. (157) So many people look to their love relationships, especially marriage to give them the happiness that they cannot find on their own. The belief that love guarantees happiness is left over from the ideology of romantic love that tells us we will live ha...

Fashion Retail Research Levis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fashion Retail Research Levis - Case Study Example The paper "Fashion Retail Research – Levi’s" is the analysis of the fashion retail of Levi. It has thousands of designs. Its stitching style is recognized as unique and customers often check that they are getting the original thing by looking at this. It has made itself available to customers in 180 countries all over the world. Another strength of Levi’s is that it has a great distribution channels. It retails in different outlets as well as company owned outlets, departmental stores, mass retail stores, chain stores, franchises, and specialty retailers also. The weakness of the brand is this it depends on a lower number of customers like JC Penny, for a greater percentage of its sales, which increases the bargaining power if the customers. The company has to maintain good relations with these customers as losing one customer may affect the sales greatly. Another weakness shown by the company is that its mainly focuses on men and has lesser focus on women and ch ildren. The opportunities that Levi’s has it are that it can use reinventing strategy to reinvent its various famous brands to move with the moving changing needs of customers. Online business in also a good opportunity for Levis, sites of Levi’s can be used for booking products and it can be used effectively to generate more and more business. Low consumer confidence is a threats face by the company. This has happened due to week labor markets and increased borrowing standards. Recession is may also affect sales. Customers do not have enough. disposable income to feel that they will be able to buy this product. Another weakness is that competition has increased in the market and is increasing day by day. Direct and in direct competition is increasing day by day, by companies like gap, Nike, Adidas and other labels. This can result in decreasing market share and customer base. The company out sources almost all manufacturing activities, this makes the company most vulnerable, with respect to dependencies, delivering time and quality control. Customer Profile People who want fashionable jeans with great comfort level want a pair of Levi's. Their attitude is rough and tough (John, 2003). People who face rough work conditions invest in a good pair of Levi's. People who idolize cowboys also love wearing this jean. At first working people bought it mainly but today it appeals to young people in college all the same. People who want a great fit in jeans love Levi's. People who wear Levi are generally self confident and it makes them feel strong and ready for action all the time. They have an informal life style and prefer comfort as an essential of their life. People of all occupations and income level buy Levi's, some buy one good pair and others buy many, from actors and actresses to laborers, everybody is seem wearing Levi's. Brand Personality Levi's is the most popular jeans in the world. Its personality is enriched by many factors; it has a strong and casual personality. Personality symbolizes a brand (Kapferer, 2004). Levi's is advertised as a brand having various personality elements. It is an empathetic and friendly brand. Its advertisements communicate to

Lesson Plan Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lesson Plan Analysis - Essay Example Instances of such instructional strategy could be further gleaned from the lesson plan because it contains actions where readings and discussions are to be made regarding feelings, which afterwards will have to be drawn by the students to make the connection with what they felt on four pieces of small paper plates. On the other hand, the instructional strategy of prime background knowledge which is likewise gleaned on the current lesson plan on feelings is a method where new information or ability is associated with what the students already have learned or have experienced. A perfect example of this is when the students will be asked to name occasions on where they have portrayed and reacted to various feelings related to a particular type of situation – like when they met somebody new or when a favorite toy was broken. By asking students relevant questions regarding prior knowledge, they will be able to relate the current topic to past circumstances that are familiar to them (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). Last but not the least is the review for fluency and generalization instructional strategy. This technique is also present within the lesson plan since it provides students other chances to put in actual practice what they have learned. In so doing this the students are able to retain the knowledge after sometime and will be able to relate it in various circumstances (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). To make this quite effective, the students must be required to have an intensive discussion of the subject matter, which is feelings, and should be guided appropriately on situations where such feelings apply (Effective Instructional Strategies 2004). Content specific strategies in general are detailed plans or actions on how to go about a certain lesson to enhance the learning abilities of the students and instructional techniques of the teacher. Some content specific strategies are: cognitive strategies, affective

Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Global Leadership - Essay Example With suitable policies in place it would be possible to hasten the allocation of required materials and assimilate federal and military aid. Introduction It is time that both the common people and policy makers understand and accept the fact that climatic changes are rampant with the increasing global temperatures and the melting ice slabs in the Arctic and Antarctic regions and the resulting global rise in sea levels. The past year has been recorded as the warmest year and this warming has resulted in the melting of the glaciers and leaving behind open waters. The mudslides in China and soaring temperatures during summer in Russia are also the result of changing climatic trends (Homer-Dixon, 2010). This continuing change in climatic conditions and the small disasters occurring within short intervals can lead to cascading catastrophes of huge magnitudes that could leave behind severe damages to both human life and property. And in order to effectively combat such catastrophes, a more detailed response option needs to be framed which is different from the traditional responses as these would be ineffective during such circumstances.

Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay

Lateral Ankle Sprain Injury Health And Social Care Essay The aim of this essay is to provide a factual study and evaluation of the implications of a lateral ankle sprain and the pathopysiological processes that may be involved. This study discusses the social and psychological factors that may impact on the patients experience of such injuries, highlighting the importance of . The following case study on Mr Attallah Khan provides a platform to discuss presenting biopsychosocial factors that need to be considered when devising a management plan. Mr Khan sprained his ankle whilst taking part in a three legged race. He turned over on his right ankle experiencing intense pain with inability to bear weight. The main structures within the ankle that would be affected in this type of injury would be the three main lateral ligaments that help to prevent the ankle form rolling forward and outward together with the muscles of the lateral compartment, peroneus longus and peroneus brevis.( re the anterior talofibular ligament, the posterior tablofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament.) Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, states that anterior talofibular ligaments (ATFL), reported to be the weakest is the first ligament injured. This is followed by calcaneofibular ligament (PTFL) and finally to the posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL). X-rays of right ankle showed no fractures. Mr Khan is a week post injury and at sub acute level of inflammation. The subacute stage is when healing and repair occurs. As a result of the inflammation Mr Khan has experienced soreness and swelling that causes him a lot of discomfort at the end of the day. He uses the crutch to help him get about but finds it difficult managing stairs and manoeuvring around the office. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E states that in order to regain stability of the ankle joint, immediate care and rehabilitation should focus on enhancing ligament healing. 2. Mr Khan lives with his wife and two children. He has been recently promoted to Partner in a city law firm. He is fairly active and enjoys family activities such as playing with the children and family walks. Mr Khan may feel immense pressure and anxiety to carry on with his normal daily duties at home and at work despite his injury. He suffers from tension headaches which may be a result of heavy work pressures as a result of his demanding position, for this he takes ibuprofen. Although Mr Khan takes for his headaches it may slow down the healing of the damaged ligaments. NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, substances that are involved in pain and also in the creation of collagen Warden S.J et al ( 2009) Collagen is the key element of most tissues and without prostaglandins collagen cannot be made which will hinder the repair of the tissue. By taking such painkillers Mr Khan may continue daily duties without the signals of pain resulting in further injury t o the affected area. Mr Khan also continues to work and has to also commute to the city and meetings, this lack of rest and weight bearing on the ankle may further delay the healing process. Mr Khan has forthcoming plans to travel in four months to America and then to Pakistan this will make a quick recovery his main priority. Mr Khan is a successful professional, intelligent and very motivated. With this in mind (Hegna T, Sveram M 1990) states that it is important to structure a rehabilitation plan that may influence motivation during recovery and it is necessary to try and identify which factors arouse each individuals motivation so that strategies can be used to enhance it. In order provide a successful plan for rehabilitation it would be necessary to set achievable, realistic goals in line with Mr Khan desired outcome which to walk again uninhibited by pain or swelling. To achieve full compliance may prove to be very difficult but the practitioner being seen as the professional whose role is to help patients achieve their objective may promote patient adherence. In Mr Khans case the management plan must include functional activities that are designed to initiate full recovery of the injury which will in turn allow Mr Khan to get on with his life. Management of Mr Khans lateral ligament injury will involve protection, rest, ice ,compression and elevation (PRICE) and function rehabilitation ie. Early mobilisation with support states Mattacola G, Dwyer K (2002). Research shows that early mobilisation of the joint will stimulate collagen bundle orientation and therefore stimulate healing. The primary goal for Mr Khan is to manage the pain, control the inflammation and protect the joint so that healing can take place. Hubbard T, Wikstrom E, (2010). state that in the acute stages of healing it is important to protect the lateral ligament of the ankle because the damage caused would have caused increased laxity. Protection is required with ankle bracing to prevent re-injury while the ligament heals. Rest is a necessary element to Mr Khans plan, this may however be difficult to enforce as Mr Khan is a very active man and may feel it necessary to place his treatment plan secondary to his family and work commitments. Enforcement of thi s rule may require discussions with Mr Khan in order to identify the factors that may hinder him from fully resting his ankle, this may also require the supervision and cooperation of the rest of his family. Factors to consider may be his workload as a new partner in the solicitors firm in which he works, together with the fact that the climbing of stairs with a crutch to get to his office is proving very difficult for him. This may require a temporary relocation of his office to the ground floor or a period of working at home until Mr Khan is able to bear weight on the ankle. Mr Khan is an intelligent man and needs to appreciate the logic in the activities he has been asked to do. It is important for the rehabilitation plan to reflect Mr Khans objectives but equally as important is the requirement for Mr Khan to cooperate and fully embrace the plan in order for it to be successful. Mr Khan must also elevate the ankle to reduce the swelling which will result in less pain; an ice com pression will also assist in this process. With less pain present Mr Khan may begin to engage in gentle mobilisation techniques leading onto exercises that restore motion and strength usually within 48 to 72 hours of injury. It is vital that the patient has complete confidence and have an understanding that if they cooperate and comply with each stage of the plan it will eventually lead to a successful outcome. Dividing the rehabilitation up into short term goals such as reducing the inflammation resulting in less pain progressing to long term goals will allow both patient and practitioner to monitor and measure the success of the treatment and make adjustments where necessary. When short term goals are accomplished this then provides encouragement and motivation for future stages in the treatment. Mr Khan must understands that if the inflammation is first addressed and dealt with then the pain will subside leading to increased range of motion and joint stability, thus leading to a return of activities of daily living (ADL). Patients can become non-compliant to treatment plan if they do not appreciate the rationality behind what they are asked to do. Ley. P. (1988) states that by Improving communication by either increasing the amount of information provided or by using special techniques can often led to increased understanding, recall and satisfaction. Mr Khan is impatient and frustrated with his injury and feels that it is an obstacle to fulfilling the commitments he faces with this in mind it is important to explain why it is necessary to engage with to the treatment and failure to do so may lead to a delayed recovery, that may prevent him from not only continuing in his weekend walks with the family but also may result in him having to cancel his forthcoming travel plans. The Biopsychosocial model of health best fits this case as it is vital to take into account the biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors surrounding Mr Khans case. By not focusing on the injury in isolation but taking into account Mr Khans lifestyle, mind-set, commitments, education, perception of control and his ultimate goals, a precise achievable treatment plan can be devised to help restore him not only back to full, pain-free mobility but to his role in society as a husband, father and lawyer.

Fools Crow by James Welch Essays -- Fools Crow James Welch Essays

Fools Crow by James Welch We turn back the clock as Welch draws on historical sources and Blackfeet cultural stories in order to explore the past of his ancestors. As a result, he provides a basis for a new understanding of the past and the forces that led to the deciding factor of the Plains Indian tribes. Although Fools Crow reflects the pressure to assimilate inflicted by the white colonizers on the Blackfeet tribes, it also portrays the influence of economic changes during this period. The prosperity created by the hide trade does not ultimately protect the tribe from massacre by the white soldiers. It does, however, effectively change the Blackfeet economy and women's place in their society. Thus, it sets the stage for the continued deterioration of their societal system. Although their economic value is decreased, women still represent an important cog in the economic structure. Indeed, women are central to the survival of the Blackfeet tribal community that Welch creates and in many ways this strength and centrality provide background for the strength of the women depicted in his more contemporary novels. Welch's examination of the past leads to a clearer understanding of the present Blackfeet world presented throughout his work. James Welch relies heavily on documented Blackfeet history and family stories, but he merges those actual events and people with his imagination and thus creates a tension between fiction and history, weaving a tapestry that reflects a vital tribal community under pressure from outside forces. Welch re-imagines the past in order to document history in a way that includes past and future generations, offers readers insight into the tribal world-views of the Blackfeet, examines women's roles in the tribe, and leads to a recovery of identity. Welch also creates a Blackfeet world of the late 1800s--a tribal culture in the process of economic and social change as a result of the introduction of the horse and gun and the encroachment of the white invaders or "seizers" as Welch identifies them. Significantly, Welch deconstructs the myth that Plains Indian women were just slaves and beasts of burden and presents them as fully rounded women, women who were crucial to the survival of the tribal community. In fact, it is the women who perform the day-to-day duties and rituals that enable cultural survival for the tribes of... ... Just as Fools Crow reaches back to the past in an effort to provide for Yellow Kidney's family, he looks to the future near the end of the novel and tells the survivor of the massacre at Marias River: "It is good you are alive. You will have much to teach the young ones about the Napikwans." He remembers Feather Woman's vision of Pikuni children, "quiet and huddled together, alone and foreign in their own country" and says, "We must think of our children." Transcending time through imagination leads to a unification of past and present, and reflecting on the roles women fulfilled in the past and their relative position of balance in contemporary Blackfeet society leads to the conclusion that it is the day-to-day functions they performed that enabled cultural survival. Tribal world-view demands attention to everyday tasks to achieve the balance needed for survival and it was the women who were grounded and provided the center for the community. The theme that James Welch has presented to us about a Blackfeet world "endangered but intact where men and women know who and where they are." Plays a big part in our own lives; we all need to find our self in this world and act upon it.

Modern Times Essay

Discuss the representation of one of the following themes in ‘Modern Times’: industrialization, progress, gender. In 500 words your critique of ‘Modern Times’ must describe and comment upon specific scenes in the film. Charlie Chaplin’s film â€Å"Modern Times† is, in itself, a discussion of progress and of modernism. It is set in the 1930s, a time of great change and great struggle due to industrialism and unemployment. The film enraptures its time period in a light-hearted fashion that examines both the positive and negative effects of modernity, ultimately answering whether progress through loss or stagnancy exclusive of cost is better, with modernity in its most pure form. The film damns modernism for the way it destroys our cultures and traditions, yet revels in the abolition of such ridiculous dreams. Chaplin characterizes Industrialism as a movement that although is designed to speed up production and efficiency, as a byproduct, causes p eople harm. This is shown in 22:05 and 28:55 where, due to unemployment caused by industrialism, the American family is torn apart. This is a prominent theme that continues throughout the movie, as the little Tramp and the Gamin are both victims of unemployment and the destruction of their homes. However, Chaplin then goes to make fun of the â€Å"American Dream† and society’s goals in scenes 55:07 and 31:50 respectively. In 55:07 the rickety, worn down house that the Gamine and the Little Tramp find symbolize the fragility and downright silliness of the American Dream as it breaks and crumbles under them. It also teases the upper class in 31:50 with the absurdity of starving yourself for social status. It isn’t till 1:10:15 that Chaplin starts to takes a stance on whether change is worth the loss when it is revealed that the Gamine has secured a job for both herself and the Little Tramp. The reversal of gender roles was revolutionary and completely overshadows the thorough deconstruction of the American Dream of which they had held so dear in 55:07 and 43:14. The deduction being that ultimately, progress is for the greater good. The film goes beyond that, nonetheless, stating that society is not heading towards true progress and is getting held back by its own sense of evolution through Industrialism. Chaplin continuously makes fun of the legal system, upper class society, and in particular, industrialization. These themes stand for society’s goals and through that, their idea of progress. Chaplin subverts this view by making fun of just how ridiculous all these things are. For instance, machines are shown to actually attack people in  the scene beginning at 8:10 and Chaplin’s character is shown literally fending off the outbreaks of a machine gone rogue in 1:02:36. They show no progress and only serve to limit society as all these things have a negative impact on the movies characters. For instance, any attempts made by the Little Tramp to join the movement of Industrialism ends in prison, which, ironically is one of the two ways to escape society’s pressures and goals. The only other way that the Gamine and the Little Tramp are able to move on – in a state of freedom – and continue their lives, i.e. progress, is by escaping from society and starting again, effectively abandoning everything that they held precious. Chaplin states that the way to enlightenment is to leave everything that connects you to society. In conclusion, Chaplin advocates the very extreme of futurist modernity in â€Å"modern times† by stating that change is good and that the only way we can truly progress is by forsaking everything.

Profile of Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli, Aztec God of Fire

Profile of Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli, Aztec God of Fire Among the Aztec/Mexica the fire god was associated with another ancient deity, the old god. For this reason, these figures are often considered different aspects of the same deity: Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli (Pronounced: Way-ue-TEE-ottle, and Shee-u-teh-COO-tleh). As with many polytheist cultures, ancient Mesoamerican people worshiped many gods who represented the different forces and manifestations of nature. Among these elements, fire was one of the first to be deified. The names under which we know these gods are Nahuatl terms, which is the language spoken by the Aztec/Mexica, so we don’t know  how earlier cultures knew these deities. Huehuetà ©otl is the â€Å"Old God†, from huehue, old, and teotl, god, whereas Xiuhtecuhtli means â€Å"The lord of Turquoise†, from the suffix xiuh, turquoise, or precious, and tecuhtli, lord, and he was considered the progenitor of all gods, as well as the patron of fire and the year. Origins Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli was an extremely important god beginning in very early times in Central Mexico. In the Formative (Preclassic) site of Cuicuilco, south of Mexico City, statues portraying an old man sitting and holding a brazier on his head or his back, have been interpreted as images of the old god and the fire god. At Teotihuacan, the most important metropolis of the Classic period, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli is one of the most often represented deities. Again, his images portray an old man, with wrinkles on his face and no teeth, sitting with his legs crossed, holding a brazier on his head. The brazier is often decorated with rhomboid figures and cross-like signs symbolizing the four world directions with the god sitting in the middle. The period for which we have more information about this god is the Postclassic period, thanks to the importance that this god had among the Aztec/Mexica. Attributes According to the Aztec religion, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli was associated with ideas of purification, transformation, and regeneration of the world through fire. As the  god of the year, he was associated with the cycle of the seasons and nature which regenerate the earth. He was also considered one of the founding deities of the world  since he was responsible for the creation of the sun. According to colonial sources, the fire god had his temple in the sacred precinct of Tenochtitlan, in a place called Tzonmolco. Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli is also related to the ceremony of the New Fire, one of the most important Aztec ceremonies, which took place at the end of each cycle of 52 years  and represented the regeneration of the cosmos through the lighting of a new fire. Festivities Two major festivities were dedicated to Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli: the Xocotl Huetzi ceremony, in August, associated to the underworld, the night, and the dead, and a second one which took place in the month of Izcalli, at the beginning of February, related to light, warmness and the dry season. Xocotl Huetzi: This ceremony was related to the collection of the fruits of the earth and the ritual death of plants. It involved cutting a tree and placing an image of the god on the top. Copal and food were then offered to the tree. Young men were encouraged to climb the tree to get the image and gain a reward. Four captives were sacrificed by being thrown into a fire and by having their hearts extracted.Izcalli: This second festival was dedicated to regrowth and regeneration, and the beginning of the new year. All lights were shut down at night, except for one light placed in front of the gods image, including a turquoise mask. People brought game, such as birds, lizards, and snakes, to cook and eat. Every four years, the ceremony included the sacrifice of four slaves or captives, who were dressed like the god and whose bodies were painted in white, yellow, red and green, the colors associated with the worlds directions. Images Since early times, Huehuetà ©otl-Hiuhtecuhtli was portrayed, mainly in statues, as an old man, with his legs crossed, his arms resting on his legs, and holding a lit brazier on his head or back. His face shows the signs of age, quite wrinkled and without teeth. This type of sculpture is the most widespread and recognizable image of the god and has been found in many offerings in sites such as Cuicuilco, ​Capilco, Teotihuacan, Cerro de las Mesas, and the Templo Mayor of Mexico City. However, as Xiuhtecuhtli, the god is often represented in pre-Hispanic as well as Colonial codices without these characteristics. In these cases, his body is yellow, and his face has black stripes, a red circle surrounds his mouth, and he has blue earplugs hanging from his ears. He often has arrows emerging from his headdress and holds sticks used to light fire. Sources: Limà ³n Silvia, 2001, El Dios del fuego y la regeneracià ³n del mundo, en Estudios de Cultura Nhuatl, N. 32, UNAM, Mexico, pp. 51-68.Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo, 2002, Huehuetà ©otl-Xiuhtecuhtli en el Centro de Mà ©xico, Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol. 10, N. 56, pp 58-63.Sahagà ºn, Bernardino de, Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espaà ±a, Alfredo Là ³pez Austin y Josefina Garcà ­a Quintana (eds.), Consejo Nacional para las Culturas y las Artes, Mexico 2000.

7 Step Guide to Making Your LinkedIn Profile Perfect [Infographic]

7 Step Guide to Making Your LinkedIn Profile Perfect [Infographic] You likely know that in order to find a job, it’s pretty much mandatory you have a LinkedIn profile. But navigating the ins and outs of the site can often lead to so much confusion that you throw your hands up, enter the bare minimum, and hope for the best. Don’t do that! Really- don’t squander the awesome opportunity gives you to create a brag sheet that will get you noticed. If you have no idea where and how to begin, check out this infographic by Leisurejobs  for a step-by-step primer on how to make the most of your LinkedIn profile and all it has to offer.

Summarize Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summarize - Essay Example This is a characteristic feature which may be found in many under developed and developing countries. The topic of infant mortality is discussed in detail with the help of statistics. The infant mortality rates are much higher in the developing and under developed countries. The young children are plagued by diseases causing early deaths. Much of the diseases can be cured but the lack of awareness and the absence of healthcare facilities lead to such problems. It is found that many children have to face deaths due to simple problems such as fever and dehydration. Many of the diseases which are the result of deaths in such areas can actually be cured. However, the absence and ignorance leads to such problems of high infant mortality rates. Due to this a severe problem comes up in such societies- over population. Due to the high infant mortality rates the parents tend to have more children expecting that from amongst them a few will survive the risks of infant mortality. However, more than enough children survive increasing the family size. Some professors and experts have pointed out that income and mortality rates were linked. A fall in incomes leads to greater mortality rates and vice versa. This is due to the simple reason that increasing income improves the standard of living. One of the main reasons for the high infant mortality rates is the problem of hunger. The people in poor countries are faced by the problems of hunger and malnutrition which results in them being prone to diseases. The daily calorie intake is said to be one-third lower for the poorest five countries when compared to the richest five countries (Easterly, 11). The poorer families already low on cash and are always taking loans from one place or the other to support their families. This results in debt bondage where the family members are in a position of debts. As a result, even the children have to go out and work in order to bring in the funds for survival. This increases the hardships on the children as they are putting in extra effort and there is little to eat. This reduces the energy and may cause malnutrition amongst the children. When there is little work available most of it is taken up by young males. The females then often resort to prostitution. This is one of the most discussed questions in many countries. Apart from prostitution females are also subject to oppression in many under developed countries. A story is related in the end telling the hardships of the poor and their sufferings. People are made to realize that today it is very difficult to leave something and move on in life. Nowadays the poor not even have the land or the resources to get back from their doomed situations. The reason for discussing these questions of mortality rates, oppression of the women, slavery and poor healthcare in economics is to point out the importance of economic growth. Much of this could be avoided by increasing GDP and GNP per capita as increasing incomes increas es the standard of living. Thus this can be a way for overcoming these issues which are being faced by many people worldwide. Summary of Chapter 2 This chapter begins with another example this time of Ghana, which was the first colony which became independent from the African colonies. Ghana had a good start because of the aid money invested into their economy by the foreigners mainly the British, Americans and Germans. The concept which is mentioned

Impact of World War II on the United States Essay

Impact of World War II on the United States - Essay Example Prior to the war, the New Deal was not able to overcome the stagnant state of the US economy despite the concerted efforts of the Roosevelt government. The unemployment rate remained steadily above 14 percent despite having considerably fallen since the darkest years of the depression. A consideration of a more penetrative government fiscal intervention gave way to speculations about real economic recovery in which it was posited that the recovery would become elusive if given to the care of the private sector (Vatter 1985, p. 7). Such recovery required much more Keynesian doses for the New Deal to finally affect full employment (Vatter 1985, p.11). Political impacts include several pursuits that aimed to repair a damaged economy during the New Deal era and the war itself. A political, psychological, and economic shift was a product of the New Deal and World War II in the United States. These concerns troubled the American government during the war years and immediately afterward: big government, the economy, and communism at home and abroad. It was inferred that the bourgeoning bureaucracy that ensued in the United States during the WWII was one characterized by the mounting of commissions, agencies, and administrations, aiming to serve the legal and political necessities of the period. Examples of these are the Foreign Economic Administration, Maritime Commissions and the War Shipping Administration, Selective Service System, US Employment Service, War Manpower Commission, War Labor Board, and War Food Administration (Vatter 1985, p. 87). Each of these had their on designated purposes in which central is the organizing and carrying out of American war-time economic production and output. All of these bureaucratic organizations formed a government front aiming to push through all forms of opposition in the interest of allied victory. The War Production Board (WPB) was established in order to distribute strategic materials as well as suspend the production of consumer products. The WMC attempted to balance the appropriat e distribution of men and women in military, industry, and agriculture during the war (Maddox 1992, p. 193). There was no questioning that the United States placed itself in a hegemonic position as a world power after the war, which may be referred to as one of its political impacts. Likewise, America's preoccupation with the promotion of democracy is essentially an idealist stance that emerged from the moralism and exceptionalism of the America political tradition (Ikenberry 2000, p. 103). This tradition is manifested through actual foreign policy, often carried out at the expense of more sober American international interests (Ikenberry 2000, p. 103). It is for the pursuit of making foreign policy commitments more acceptable to American public that the American democratic stance becomes a minor distraction. The American promotion of democracy after World War II reflects a pragmatic and evolving understanding of creating a stable political order in the international arena, which was later called "an American liberal grand strategy"